In the process of machining molds, precision turning machining centers have increasingly high requirements for accuracy and surface machining quality. To ensure the machining quality of molds, we should consider the selection of machine tools, tool holders, cutting tools, machining schemes, program generation, operator requirements, and other aspects.
1. Choose a precision turning machining center
With the improvement of product design requirements and the increasingly mature development of high-speed and high-precision machining technology, the quality of mold CNC machining has been greatly improved, the processing speed of molds has been greatly increased, the processing steps have been reduced, the production cycle and clamping times of molds have been shortened, and sometimes time-consuming fitter repair work can be eliminated. The high-speed and high-precision machining of molds has gradually become an important part of the technological transformation of mold production enterprises. The replacement of traditional low-speed machining with precision turning machining centers has become inevitable, and the development of mold manufacturing technology will also bring us a richer product experience.
2. Adopt a suitable handle structure
The use of precision turning machining centers will also drive the update of related process equipment. Especially the impact of cutting tools on the quality of CNC machining and tool holders will become prominent. In rotary tool machining systems, a tight connection between the chuck and the machine tool (or its combination) is necessary to ensure the achievement of tool machining performance. The commonly used interfaces between machine tools and tool holders include HSK hollow tool holders and BT type tool holder holders. The taper angle of the taper joint between the machine tool spindle and the BT tool holder is 24:7. Traditional low-speed machining is suitable for using this tool holder connection method. Due to the fact that the BT tool holder and the machine tool spindle only fit on the taper surface, the clearance between the taper surfaces will increase under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, which will affect the quality of CNC machining. Generally, when the spindle speed exceeds 16000 revolutions per minute, we will need to use HSK hollow shank. The HSK tool holder positioning structure is over positioning, providing a standard connection with the machine tool. Under the pulling force of the machine tool, it ensures that the short cone and end face of the tool holder are tightly matched with the machine tool.
3. Choose appropriate cutting tools for processing
The reasonable use and selection of precision turning center tools will be an important factor affecting the quality of CNC machining. Hard alloy cutting tools are becoming increasingly widely used, and coated hard alloys will replace most sharp steel cutting tools in high-speed machining, including simple tools such as reamers, ball cutters, boring cutters, etc. Coated hard alloys will play an important role in high-speed machining tool materials and be applied to most conventional machining fields.
Usually, we know that in rough machining, we use large-diameter cutting tools for processing. To save costs and reduce the difficulty of tool manufacturing, we use machine clamped hard alloy blades to minimize chip removal during rough machining; High speed and high feed insert cutting tools are used in semi precision machining to make the cutting process faster; During precision machining, it is recommended to use high-precision round headed mirror blades on hard alloy tool holders to ensure the strength of the tool and tool holder. This will save the expensive cost of using solid alloy tools while maintaining the accuracy of the machining process. In the precision turning process of CNC lathes, we also need to pay attention to the fact that the inner contour fillet radius on the precision machined parts must be greater than or equal to the radius of the tool. Tools with radii smaller than the fillet radius at the corners should be used for machining in the form of circular interpolation or oblique interpolation. This can avoid over cutting caused by linear interpolation and ensure the quality of mold precision machining.
4. Numerical Control Process Plan
The importance of CNC process design in precision turning has been raised to a higher level, and the entire process of precision turning must be controlled. Any mistake will have a serious impact on the quality of the mold, so the process plan will play a decisive role in the machining quality. The design of precision turning machining process can be regarded as the state control of a systematic process plan from the blank of the part to the machining and forming of the part. A good precision turning process plan is quite difficult throughout the entire design process, requiring continuous practice, summarization, and modification to obtain. A large amount of information needs to be considered in the design process, and the relationships between information are extremely complex. This must be ensured through the practical work experience of the program designer. Therefore, the design quality of the process plan mainly depends on the experience and level of the technical personnel of the precision turning machining center.
A complete CNC machining process plan usually includes the following contents:
1) Selection of CNC machine tools.
2) Selection of precision turning machining methods.
3) Determine the clamping method of the parts and select the fixture.
4) Positioning method.
5) Inspection requirements and methods.
6) Select the cutting tool.
7) Error control and tolerance control in processing.
8) Define CNC processes.
9) Numerical control process sorting.
10) Selection of cutting parameters. 
11) Develop a numerical control process program.
5. CAM software
A good software can also improve the quality and efficiency of mold processing, such as UniGraphics and CIMIAMTRON, both of which are excellent mold processing software. Especially with their rich and practical different processing strategies, these two software are widely used in CNC milling programming, machining programming, and EDM programming, complementing each other to greatly improve the quality and efficiency of CNC machining. CIMIAMTRON can add a spiral function when clearing rough machining in the bias area, which will make the actual cutting smoother, eliminate the sudden change in feed direction between adjacent tool paths, reduce the acceleration and deceleration of cutting feed, maintain a more stable cutting load, extend the tool life, and provide good protection for the machine tool.
Software is just a tool, and an excellent programmer with rich on-site mechanical processing experience and theoretical knowledge, as well as proficient in software functions, is the determining factor in mold CNC machining, playing a key role in the quality and efficiency of CNC machining. Establish a comprehensive training system for programmers for this purpose. Firstly, designers need to intern in a CNC operation position for a period of time, and only after passing strict operational assessments can they receive training in CNC program design. In order to ensure the quality of CNC machining of molds, it is necessary to have a good CNC program.
6. Operator
The operators of precision turning machining centers are the executors of CNC machining, and their control over the quality of CNC machining is also very obvious. They have the best understanding of the real-time status of machine tools, tool holders, cutting tools, machining processes, software, and cutting parameters during the execution of machining tasks. Their various operations have the most direct impact on CNC machining, so the skills and sense of responsibility of machining center operators are also key factors in improving the quality of CNC machining!

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